Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) Exam

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Remove shells, package manager & vi tools. Use slim/minimal images with required packages only. Do not include unnecessary software like build tools and utilities, troubleshooting, and debug binaries. Build the smallest image possible – To reduce the size of the image, install only what is strictly needed Use distroless, Alpine, or relevant base images for the app. Use official images from verified sources only. Secure your supply chain: whitelist allowed registries, sign and validate images Work with images securely using a private repository Consider before using public images as you cannot control what’s inside them Configure the Kubernetes cluster to pull the images from a private registry instead of an external registry. Kubernetes Deployment with private Registry Using ImagePolicyWebhook admission Controller to whitelist allowed image registries to sign and validate images. Task @ Pulling Image from Private Registry Use static analysis of user workloads (e.g.Kubernetes resources, Docker files) Tools like Kubesec can be used to perform a static security risk analysis of the configurations files. Scan images for known vulnerabilities Aqua Security Trivy & Anchore can be used for scanning vulnerabilities in the container images. Exam Tip: Know how to use the Trivy tool to scan images for vulnerabilities. Also, remember to use the --severity for e.g. --severity=CRITICAL flag for filtering a specific category.

Detect threats within a physical infrastructure, apps, networks, data, users, and workloads Detect all phases of attack regardless of where it occurs and how it spreads Perform deep analytical investigation and

Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) Exam identification of bad actors within the environment Tools like strace and Aqua Security Tracee can be used to check the syscalls. However, with a number of processes, it would be tough to track and monitor all and they do not provide alerting. Tools like Falco & Sysdig provide deep, process-level visibility into dynamic, distributed production environments and can be used to define rules to track, monitor, and alert on activities when a certain rule is violated. Exam Tip: Know how to use Falco, define new rules, enable logging. Make use of the falco_rules.local.yaml file for overrides. (I did not get questions for Falco in my exam). Ensure immutability of containers at runtime Immutability prevents any changes from being made to the container or to the underlying host through the container. It is recommended to create new images and perform a rolling deployment instead of modifying the existing running containers.

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Requires that containers must run with a read-only root filesystem (i.e. no writable layer). Privileged – determines if any container in a pod can enable privileged mode. This allows the container nearly all the same access as processes running on the host. Task @ Configure Pod Container Security Context Exam Tip: Know how to define a PodSecurityPolicy to enforce rules. Remember, Cluster Roles and Role Binding needs to be configured to provide access to the PSP to make it work. Use Audit Logs to monitor access Kubernetes auditing is handled by the kube-apiserver which requires defining an audit policy file. Auditing captures the stages as RequestReceived -> (Authn and Authz) -> ResponseStarted (-w) -> ResponseComplete (for success) OR Panic (for failures) Exam Tip: Know how to configure audit policies and enable audit on the kube-apiserver. Make sure the kube-apiserver is up and running. Task @ Kubernetes Auditing CKS Articles Securing a Cluster 11 ways not to get hacked GKE Best Practices for Building Containers Security Best Practices (A bit older but still parts are relevant) CKS General information and practices

The exam can be taken online from anywhere. Make sure you have prepared your workspace well before the exams. Make sure you have a valid government-issued ID card as it would be checked. You are not allowed to have anything around you and no one should enter the room. The exam proctor will be watching you always, so refrain from doing any other activities. Your screen is also always shared. Copy + Paste works fine. You will have an online notepad on the right corner to note down. I hardly used it, but it can be useful to type and modify text instead of using VI editor. Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) The Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) program provides assurance that a CKS has the skills, knowledge, and competence on a broad range of best practices for securing container-based applications and Kubernetes platforms during build, deployment and runtime.

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CKA certification is required to sit for this exam. Learning Objectives Cluster Setup Cluster Hardening System Hardening Minimize Microservice Vulnerabilities Supply Chain Service Monitoring, Logging and Runtime Security Target Audience A Certified Kubernetes Security Specialist (CKS) is an accomplished Kubernetes practitioner (must be CKA certified) who has demonstrated competence on a broad range of best practices for securing container-based applications and Kubernetes platforms during build, deployment and runtime. PreRequisites CKA certification is required to sit for this exam. Certification CKS is a performance-based certification exam that tests candidates’ knowledge of Kubernetes and cloud security in a simulated, real world environment. Candidates must have taken and passed the Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA) exam prior to attempting the CKS exam. CKS may be purchased but not scheduled until CKA certification has been achieved. CKA Certification must be Linux Foundation CKS Exam Dumps active

(non-expired) on the date the CKS exam (including Retakes) is scheduled. Course Description An administrator certified in Kubernetes has the ability to install basic Kubernetes clusters and configure them for production. They will be able to understand key concepts like Kubernetes networking and storage, security, monitoring, logging, and monitoring, as well as troubleshooting, API object primaries, and how to create basic use-cases. A CKS is a certification that a candidate has the skills and knowledge to protect container-based applications as well as Kubernetes platforms throughout build, deployment, and runtime. It also shows that they are qualified to do these tasks professionally. Careervira Take The Linux Foundation offers this intermediate-level certification exam bundle to help candidates understand the in-demand concepts and make them industry-ready.

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